• Although AMPK is a negative regulator of bioenergetic

  2023-01-24

  

  Although AMPK is a negative regulator of bioenergetic reprogramming in cancer cells, little is known about the role of AMPK in immunometabolism in sepsis. Our current study indicates that AMPKα dysfunction enhances PKM2-dependent aerobic glycolysis, which results in HMGB1 release in macrophages and

• We found that several anticancer drugs inhibit HT receptor

  2023-01-24

  

  We found that several anticancer drugs inhibit 5-HT3 ITF 2357 receptor current in vitro. Several studies have suggested that 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have anti-mitogenic and apoptotic effects on colorectal and breast cancer cell lines (Ataee et al., 2010, Hejazi et al., 2015). Irinotecan is used

• br Acknowledgements MC and PD were funded by the Michael

  2023-01-24

  

  Acknowledgements MC and PD were funded by the Michael J Fox Foundation (Grant ID 9969). We would like to thank Pierluigi Saba, Francesco Traccis and Barbara Tuveri for their technical assistance. Introduction In the prostate, androgens play a crucial role in normal, BPH and cancerous growth b

• br Autophagy and antiviral innate immunity signaling br Vira

  2023-01-24

  

  Autophagy and antiviral innate immunity signaling Viral manipulation of autophagy interfering with IFN-I synthesis We have seen that autophagy factors can down-regulate the production of IFN-I induced by RLR engagement during viral infection. In fibroblasts and epithelial cells, there exists c

• Several in vivo and in vitro

  2023-01-24

  

  Several in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated changes in bioactive lipid profiles under hyperglycemic conditions and have linked these changes with increased leukocyte adhesion and vascular dysfunction during diabetes. This input has originated partly from lipidomic studies that showed elev

• Tumor suppressor ARF regulates the

  2023-01-24

  

  Tumor suppressor ARF regulates the activity of p53 by inhibiting the functions of Mdm2. ARF is induced by hyperproliferative signals emanating from oncogenic Ras, overexpressed c-myc, and from deregulated E2F . ARF prevents p53 degradation and leads to increased p53 function by sequestering Mdm2 to

• Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that plays pivotal

  2023-01-21

  

  Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that plays pivotal roles in different physiological and pathophysiological processes by triggering specific cell-surface receptors both in the UM171 synthesis and in the periphery. The adenosine receptors (ARs) are four different subtypes of G protein-coupled re

• 550 24 In order to investigate their effects

  2023-01-21

  

  In order to investigate their effects in vitro, therefore, we first used TE671 cells, which have provided a useful source of human AChR for in vitro and radioimmunoassay studies. We found no marked effect of either MuSK-MG or SNMG sera on AChR numbers or on AChR subunit expression. This appears to c

• Norfloxacin hydrochloride Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG

  2023-01-21

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness, which is mainly due to autoantibodies reducing the number or function of postsynaptic Norfloxacin hydrochloride receptors (AChRs) [1], [2]. Animal models have been developed to uncover the immunopathoge

• The srd a isoforms showed unique

  2023-01-19

  

  The srd5a isoforms showed unique expression profiles in early FHM development (Fig. 2). Similar to amphibian embryos, there was a high abundance of both srd5a1 and srd5a3 at 1dpf in FHMs, suggesting that mRNA for these enzymes may be maternally deposited and that these enzymes may play a key role in

• br Dual role of autophagy

  2023-01-19

  

  Dual role of autophagy in human diseases Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy serves as a double-edged sword in several human diseases, such as CNS diseases (Rubinsztein et al., 2015), arteriosclerosis (Schrijvers et al., 2011) and cancer (Ozpolat and Benbrook, 2015). Likewise, currently the

• br Dual role of autophagy

  2023-01-19

  

  Dual role of autophagy in human diseases Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy serves as a double-edged sword in several human diseases, such as CNS diseases (Rubinsztein et al., 2015), arteriosclerosis (Schrijvers et al., 2011) and cancer (Ozpolat and Benbrook, 2015). Likewise, currently the

• LEE011 The inhibition of ACLY induces

  2023-01-18

  

  The inhibition of ACLY induces an anticancer effect that has been reported to be involved in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation [14], [16], dual blockade of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT pathways [11], and the glycolytic phenotype of tumor

• br Author contributions br Conflicts

  2023-01-18

  

  Author contributions Conflicts of interest The authors declare no competing financial interests. Acknowledgement This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio 166–Project C1 and grant CA 1014/1-1 to D.C.) and the IZKF Würzbur

• Intracellular Signaling Cascades From ligand sensitization t

  2023-01-16

  

  Intracellular Signaling Cascades. From ligand sensitization to translation of genes, all cellular processes are dependent on the intracellular levels and activity of partners involved in the signaling pathway. These signaling events lead to critical post-translational modifications including phospho

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