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Two additional hydrogen bonds are formed by
2020-02-11

Two additional hydrogen-bonds are formed by the -substituted methoxy-group with Ser and Asp. Ser exerts the role of a gate keeper in CK1: Entry of the ATP in the binding-site causes a conformational change into the closed form by Ser, which locks the binding-site and prevents ATP-diffusion out of th
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Exon encodes a section of the extracellular ligand binding d
2020-02-11

Exon 3 encodes a section of the extracellular ligand-binding domain and two variants in the 5′ region were first identified in Drosophila melanogaster (Semenov and Pak, 1999). These variants were initially termed modules 1 and 2 and correspond to exons 3a and 3b, respectively. To date, exon 3 altern
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Natural progestogens play an important
2020-02-11

Natural progestogens play an important role in the stimulation of oocyte growth and maturation as well as in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, and they act as sex pheromones in teleost fish (Kime, 1990, Kobayashi et al., 2002, Nagahama and Yamashita, 2008, Scott et al., 2010). A complex series o
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FGF ERK signaling has been implicated in epithelial
2020-02-11

FGF/ERK signaling has been implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in a wide range of tissues (Huh et al., 2015, Klein et al., 2006, Rice et al., 2004, Zhang et al., 2006, El Ramy et al., 2005, Volckaert and Langhe, 2015). During embryonic organogenesis and in adult organs, we often observ
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Co operation or synergy between PKA and Epac
2020-02-11

Co-operation or synergy between PKA and Epac has been recently reported in PCCL3 thyroid cell line in which cAMP is pro-mitogenic, in Benzethonium Chloride to VSMC [19]. Our study demonstrates for the first time that PKA and Epac also synergise to inhibit cell proliferation in a cell type where cAM
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The acid base properties of the IL are
2020-02-11

3. The acid-base properties of the IL are important issues to consider because protonation changes caused by Brønsted-acidic or basic ions may result in enzyme deactivation [29]. Thereby, the acid-base properties of the newly designed IL need proper control for enzymes by selection of appropriate ca
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Another option is to use
2020-02-10

Another option is to use the thiol groups of cysteine residues, which can be modified by use of PEG-maleimide and vinyl sulfone. However, changes in PEGylation interactions or reaction conditions can result in changes in the functional properties of the therapeutic proteins [[50], [51], [52]]. A st
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It was recently reported that a functional single
2020-02-10

It was recently reported that a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (rs75932628) within Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid retinoid x receptor 2 (TREM2) is associated with AD (Guerreiro et al., 2013). Homozygous loss of function mutations in TREM2 are also associated with an autosomal re
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The phenolic hydroxyl group of ezetimibe tolerated various s
2020-02-10

The phenolic hydroxyl group of ezetimibe tolerated various structural modifications (disaccharide, carboxyalkyl and glucuronide) that retained inhibitory activity.13, 14, 15 We conjugated glycylglycine to phenolic hydroxyl group and synthesized ten 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione derivatives 14a-j successfully
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In rodent models the loss
2020-02-10

In rodent models, the loss of estrogens through ovariectomy has been shown to promote the development of intracranial aneurysms. Conversely, the administration of an Retaspimycin hydrochloride sale receptor beta agonist restores its protective effect, but is abolished with the introduction of a nit
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br Results and discussion Analysis of experimental data
2020-02-10

Results and discussion Analysis of experimental data indicates that the radon M344 australia coefficient in OPC blended with RHA varies from 0.15 × 10−6 m2 s−1 for pure cement to 0.26 × 10−6 m2 s−1 for cement mixed with 50% RHA by weight. The value of diffusion coefficient first decreases in cem
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Previously we have described increased expression of both cy
2020-02-10

Previously, we have described increased expression of both cytokine and chemokine mRNA (e.g. MCP-5 and fractalkine) in the left ventricle of male EP4-KO mice with dilated cardiomyopathy [2]. Takayama et al. [31] have shown that PGE2 potently inhibits cytokine/chemokine secretion (MCP-1, interleukin
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Preliminary studies suggest that dimerization
2020-02-10

Preliminary studies suggest that dimerization of the AT1 receptor occurred during the biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum before surface expression [27,40], which may explain the presenece of these YM 90709 before the addition of any ligand. Our results showed that the presence of Ang II did
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Several effective strategies have been developed to design a
2020-02-10

Several effective strategies have been developed to design activatable MR probes according to the Solomon, Bloembergen and Morgan (SBM) theory, including modulation of the number of inner-sphere water molecules (q), the rotational tumbling time (τ) and the residence lifetime of inner-sphere water mo
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br E Ubiquitin Ligases Regulate Central and Peripheral T
2020-02-10

E3 Ubiquitin Ligases Regulate Central and Peripheral T Cell Tolerance During the random process of somatic recombination, T cell receptors (TCRs; see Glossary) that recognize self-antigens are commonly generated. Notably, meticulously precise filtering mechanisms, termed tolerance, are necessary
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